護理師準備經由靜脈輸液管路給予一種具有配伍禁忌（不相容）的藥物。為了確保病人安全，首要措施為何？
A nurse is preparing to administer an incompatible medication via an IV line. Which action is the priority to ensure client safety?
- AContact the pharmacist to find a compatible solution聯絡藥師尋找相容的溶液
- BFlush the IV line with normal saline before and after the medication✓ 正解在給藥前後以生理食鹽水沖洗靜脈管路
- CDilute the medication to reduce the risk of precipitation稀釋藥物以降低沉澱風險
- DStart a second IV access site for the new medication為新藥物建立第二個靜脈通路
當必須透過同一條管路給予不相容藥物時，標準安全程序是使用生理食鹽水（Normal Saline）進行「沖洗、給藥、沖洗」（SASH 流程）。這樣可以確保藥物在管路中不會與前一段液體接觸產生沉澱或效價改變。雖然建立第二條管路（D）也是一種選擇，但在符合規範的情況下，沖洗現有管路是最迅速且對病人傷害最小的首選處置。稀釋藥物（C）並不能解決根本的配伍禁忌問題。
When incompatible medications must be administered through the same IV line, the standard safety procedure is to use normal saline for a "flush-administer-flush" technique (the SASH sequence). This prevents the medication from contacting the previous solution within the tubing and causing precipitation or loss of potency. Although starting a second IV access (D) is an option, flushing the existing line is the fastest and least invasive choice when it complies with practice standards. Diluting the medication (C) does not resolve the underlying incompatibility.
美國護理實務強調 SASH (Saline, Administer, Saline, Heparin) 流程，並有嚴格的 IV 相容性圖表（Compatibility Chart）供查閱。台灣多數醫院亦有類似規範，但實務中常因人力繁忙而忽略標準沖洗流程。