— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師正在照護一位因肝硬化引起腹水（ascites）的病人。護理師應預期執行哪項介入措施來管理腹水？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with ascites related to liver cirrhosis. Which intervention should the nurse anticipate to manage the ascites? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister diuretics as prescribed✓ 正解依醫囑給予利尿劑
- BEncourage increased sodium intake鼓勵增加鈉攝取
- CAdminister albumin intravenously✓ 正解靜脈注射白蛋白
- DPerform paracentesis✓ 正解執行腹腔穿刺術
- ERestrict fluid intake to 500 mL/day將水分攝取限制在每天500毫升
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
腹水的治療包括：利尿劑（如螺內酯）以減少液體生成；靜脈輸注白蛋白以增加血漿滲透壓，幫助液體回流；腹水引流術（paracentesis）以移除過多腹水。低鈉飲食是基礎，但非急性處理；嚴格限水除非有水腫，否則非首選。
Treatment of ascites includes diuretics (such as spironolactone) to reduce fluid production, intravenous albumin to increase plasma oncotic pressure and promote fluid return, and paracentesis to remove excess ascitic fluid. A low-sodium diet is foundational but not an acute intervention; strict fluid restriction is generally reserved for specific situations such as significant edema and is not first-line.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國的肝膽腸胃科醫師對於腹水治療有標準化的流程，包括藥物選擇與引流的時機；台灣的照護也遵循國際準則，但病人對低鈉飲食的配合度是重要考量。