— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些病人發生院內感染的風險最高？（選所有適合的）
Which clients are at the highest risk for developing hospital-acquired infections? (Select all that apply.)
- AA client with an indwelling urinary catheter✓ 正解留置導尿管的病人
- BA client who is post-operative day 3 following a laparotomy開腹手術後第三天的病人
- CA client receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy✓ 正解接受長期皮質類固醇治療的病人
- DA healthy adult admitted for elective hernia repair因擇期疝氣修補術入院的健康成人
- EA client with a central venous catheter✓ 正解擁有中心靜脈導管的病人
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
院內感染（Healthcare-Associated Infection, HAI）的風險因子主要包括：侵入性裝置（Portal of entry）、免疫功能低下（Impaired immunity）以及住院時間長短。留置導尿管與中央靜脈導管直接破壞人體屏障，類固醇則抑制免疫系統，大幅增加感染機率。
The main risk factors for Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI) include invasive devices (portal of entry), impaired immunity, and length of hospitalization. Indwelling urinary catheters and central venous catheters directly breach the body's barriers, while corticosteroids suppress the immune system, all greatly increasing the chance of infection.