護理師準備協助病人出院，下列哪項行動對於預防再次入院最重要？

預防病人再次入院（hospital readmission）是出院準備計畫（Discharge Planning）的重要目標，旨在確保病人能順利過渡到居家照護，並持續穩定病情。這需要病人具備足夠的知識與能力來自我管理。 正確答案 B 是預防再入院最關鍵的行動。病人必須清楚理解其用藥（包括藥名、劑量、頻次、作用、副作用）、復健計畫、飲食限制、傷口照護等，並知道何時需要回診、如何尋求協助。若病人對用藥或後續照護感到困惑，容易自行停藥、減量，或延誤就醫，進而導致病情惡化而再次入院。 錯誤選項 C（醫院菜單）與病人復原或預防再入院無關。錯誤選項 A（社工師預約）雖然有時是出院準備的一部分，但其主要功能是協助解決社會經濟問題，而非直接處理醫療照護的理解與執行，故不如直接的醫藥衛教來得關鍵。錯誤選項 D（藥局名單）僅是提供便利性，但若病人不理解用藥，知道藥局也無法解決根本問題。 臨床思路：出院準備的核心是賦能病人（empowerment），使其能安全有效地接手自我照護。透過清晰的衛教與確認病人理解程度（teach-back method），能大幅降低再入院率。安全考量：用藥錯誤或對病情認知不足是導致再入院的主要原因。

Preventing hospital readmission is an important goal of discharge planning, aiming to ensure that the client transitions smoothly to home care and continues to maintain stability. This requires that the client have enough knowledge and ability to perform self-management. The correct answer B is the most critical action for preventing readmission. The client must clearly understand the medication regimen (including drug name, dose, frequency, action, and side effects), the rehabilitation plan, dietary restrictions, wound care, and so on, as well as know when to follow up and how to seek help. If the client is confused about medications or subsequent care, he or she may stop the medication, reduce the dose, or delay seeking medical care, leading to deterioration and readmission. Incorrect option C (hospital menu) is unrelated to the client's recovery or readmission prevention. Incorrect option A (scheduling a social worker) is sometimes part of discharge planning, but its main function is to assist with social and economic issues rather than directly addressing the comprehension and execution of medical care, so it is not as critical as direct medication and care teaching. Incorrect option D (list of pharmacies) provides convenience only; if the client does not understand the medications, knowing the location of pharmacies does not address the underlying problem. Clinical reasoning: The core of discharge planning is empowering the client to safely and effectively assume self-care. Through clear teaching and confirming understanding (teach-back method), readmission rates can be significantly reduced. Safety consideration: medication errors and inadequate understanding of the condition are major causes of readmission.

台灣與美國在出院準備計畫（Discharge Planning）上，都強調病人教育與後續照護的銜接。然而，美國的健保體系更為複雜，醫院常設有專責的個管師（Case Manager）或出院規劃師（Discharge Planner），系統性地評估病人需求，並協調資源。台灣的護理師常身兼此職，在人力與資源有限下，可能較難做到全面性的個別化規劃，但核心的用藥與照護衛教仍是重點。