NurslixJournal
照護管理 · MEDIUM · MCQ

一位安寧療護護理師正在照護一名75歲、已經完全無反應的末期癌症病患。病患出現了陳施氏呼吸(Cheyne-Stokes respirations)、因分泌物積聚而產生『死前嘎嘎聲 (death rattle)』,且四肢出現大理石斑紋 (mottling)。悲痛的女兒問:『我們是不是應該叫救護車,把他送到加護病房去抽痰清肺?』根據安寧療護原則,護理師最符合倫理的恰當回應為何?

A hospice nurse is managing the care of a 75-year-old terminal cancer client who is entirely unresponsive. The client exhibits Cheyne-Stokes respirations, has a 'death rattle' from accumulated secretions, and shows mottling on the extremities. The distressed daughter asks, 'Should we call an ambulance and take him to the ICU to clear his lungs?' What is the nurse's most appropriate ethical response based on palliative care principles?

  • A“Because he signed a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order, we are legally strictly forbidden from treating any of his respiratory symptoms entirely.”
    「因為他簽署了不施行心肺復甦術(DNR)指示,我們在法律上嚴格禁止處理他的任何呼吸症狀。」
  • B“These breathing changes are a normal, natural part of the dying process. Rushing to the ICU would likely cause him severe unnecessary suffering instead of helping.”✓ 正解
    「這些呼吸變化是死亡過程正常且自然的一部分。匆忙送往加護病房可能會讓他遭受嚴重的不必要痛苦,而非提供幫助。」
  • C“I will immediately call 911 because deep continuous suctioning in the ICU is the only way to reverse this fluid overload securely.”
    「我會立即撥打 911,因為在加護病房進行深層連續抽吸是安全逆轉此種液體過載的唯一方法。」
  • D“Let's wait for another hour to see if his breathing magically improves before we desperately call the ambulance.”
    「讓我們再等一小時,看看他的呼吸是否在我們絕望地叫救護車之前神奇地改善。」
Explanation · 中文詳解

本題測驗安寧療護的倫理與照護連續性 (Ethical Practice / Palliative Care)。安寧療護 (Hospice Care) 的核心理念是「提供舒適 (Comfort measures only) 並維持病患的尊嚴,不加速也不延緩死亡的自然到來」。當病患出現陳施氏呼吸、死前嘎嘎聲 (Death rattle) 以及四肢發紺大理石紋 (mottling) 時,這是人體器官系統正在關閉、即將面臨死亡的「正常臨床表現」。護理師此時的倫理使命是提供家屬衛教與心理支持。將瀕死且無反應的安寧病患突然轉送回 ICU 進行深度抽痰或插管,不僅無法改變末期疾病,還會違背安寧理念,給病患帶來純粹且毫無意義的巨大折磨。因此,護理師應溫和地告知家屬這是正常的死亡過程,以撫平他們的焦慮(選項 B 最具同理心與倫理正確性)。選項 A 錯誤,DNR 只是拒絕 CPR 與插管,我們仍然可以並且應該給予症狀緩解治療(例如給予抗膽鹼藥物來減少分泌物,或給嗎啡減輕呼吸困難)。選項 C 與 D 皆違背了不送醫的安寧核心精神。

Cheyne-Stokes respirations, death rattle, and mottling are normal physiological signs of the active dying process in hospice care. The nurse should educate the family that these changes are natural and that aggressive interventions like ICU transfer would cause unnecessary suffering without altering the outcome. Comfort measures, not curative treatments, are the priority for terminally ill clients.

✦ 台美臨床差異

安寧療護 (Hospice): 這是台美雙方最沒有文化差異的章節。當家屬因 Death rattle (臨終嘎嘎聲) 恐慌想送醫時,答案永遠是「衛教家屬這是正常現象,給抗膽鹼藥物或側躺,絕對不送 ICU 抽痰」。

Related · 同分類的其他題目

More from Management of Care

瀏覽全部 1,949 題 照護管理 →
Jump to another chapter