護理師照護一位末期癌症病人，病人正經歷突破性疼痛。護理師在舒適護理計畫中應包含哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with terminal cancer experiencing breakthrough pain. Which actions should the nurse include in the comfort management plan? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister PRN analgesic medication as requested✓ 正解依病人要求給予處方止痛藥
- BApply cold packs to the area of pain在疼痛部位應用冰敷包
- CEncourage deep breathing and relaxation techniques✓ 正解鼓勵深呼吸和放鬆技巧
- DReposition the client to promote alignment and comfort✓ 正解重新安置病人以促進對齊和舒適
- EAssess the pain level using a standardized scale✓ 正解使用標準化量表評估疼痛程度
末期癌症疼痛管理需多模組介入。PRN 用藥（A）緩解急性突發疼痛；深呼吸（C）與擺位（D）屬於非藥物輔助舒適治療；疼痛評估（E）是持續監測的基礎。冷敷（B）通常用於急性發炎疼痛，對於癌性疼痛（如神經痛或骨轉移）可能效果不彰且需謹慎評估皮膚狀態。
Terminal cancer pain management requires a multimodal approach. PRN medications (A) relieve acute breakthrough pain; deep breathing (C) and repositioning (D) are non-pharmacological adjunctive comfort measures; pain assessment (E) is the foundation of ongoing monitoring. Cold packs (B) are typically used for acute inflammatory pain and may be ineffective for cancer pain (such as neuropathic pain or bony metastases) and require careful assessment of skin condition.
美國安寧照護強調護理師主導藥物給予；台灣受限管制藥品條例，護理師需醫師醫囑後給予的程序較繁瑣。