護理師為長期臥床病人進行床上沐浴，哪些行動能促進尊嚴與舒適？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is performing a bed bath for an immobile client. Which actions promote client dignity and comfort? (Select all that apply.)
- AExpose the entire body for efficiency為求效率暴露全身
- BKeep the room temperature warm✓ 正解保持室內溫度溫暖
- CMaintain privacy by using curtains or drapes✓ 正解使用窗簾或帷幔維持隱私
- DInvolve the client in the process as much as possible✓ 正解盡可能讓病人參與過程
- EAsk the client about their preferred water temperature✓ 正解詢問病人偏好的水溫
維護臥床病人隱私與舒適的原則包括：僅暴露清洗部位（而非全身）、調整合適室溫以防著涼、確認病人對水溫的喜好、尊重病人的自主權與參與感。暴露全身會損害隱私並增加體溫流失風險。執行沐浴時應時刻觀察病人反應，給予清潔的同時建立護病信任感。
Principles for maintaining privacy and comfort during a bed bath for an immobile client include: exposing only the area being washed (not the entire body), maintaining a warm room temperature to prevent chilling, confirming the client's water temperature preference, and respecting client autonomy and participation. Exposing the entire body violates privacy and increases heat loss. The nurse should observe the client's responses throughout the bath and use the opportunity to build a trusting nurse-client relationship.
美國護理強調 Patient-centered care，會花更多時間詢問病人喜好，台灣臨床環境多較忙碌，常需在效率與尊嚴間取得平衡。