— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師應監測懷疑患有創傷後壓力症候群（PTSD）的病人出現哪些症狀？（選所有適合的）
Which signs and symptoms should the nurse monitor in a client suspected of having post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? (Select all that apply.)
- AFlashbacks or reliving the traumatic event✓ 正解閃回或重歷創傷事件
- BAvoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma✓ 正解迴避與創傷相關的刺激
- CPersistent state of hyperarousal✓ 正解持續的過度警覺狀態
- DIncreased interest in social activities對社交活動興趣增加
- ENegative alterations in mood and cognition✓ 正解情緒與認知方面的負面改變
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
PTSD 的核心診斷準則包括：侵入性回憶（Flashbacks）、逃避行為（Avoidance）、過度警覺（Hyperarousal）及情緒認知負面改變。病人通常會與社會疏離，而非增加興趣。上述症狀若持續超過一個月且嚴重影響功能，即符合診斷。
The core diagnostic criteria for PTSD include: intrusive recollections (flashbacks), avoidance behaviors, hyperarousal, and negative alterations in mood and cognition. Clients typically withdraw from society rather than show increased interest. When these symptoms persist for more than one month and significantly impair function, the diagnostic criteria are met.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國軍人返鄉後的 PTSD 照護極為普及，台灣則在災難護理後較受重視，但基層診斷率仍待提升。