護理師為一位患有失眠的高齡病人制定計畫。應包含哪些非藥物干預措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is planning care for an older adult client with insomnia. Which non-pharmacological interventions should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AEncourage vigorous exercise 1 hour before bedtime.鼓勵在睡前一小時進行劇烈運動
- BProvide a light snack containing protein and complex carbohydrates before bed.✓ 正解睡前提供含有蛋白質與複合碳水化合物的輕食
- CLimit caffeine intake after noon.✓ 正解限制中午後的咖啡因攝取量
- DKeep the bedroom environment cool, dark, and quiet.✓ 正解保持臥室環境涼爽、黑暗且安靜
- ESuggest taking long naps during the day to catch up on sleep.建議白天進行長時間的小睡以補償睡眠
良好的睡眠衛生包括：睡前輕食（如含色胺酸的牛奶或全麥餅乾）有助入睡（B）；午後限制咖啡因（C）以免興奮神經；環境舒適（冷暗靜，D）。A 錯誤：睡前 2-3 小時應避免劇烈運動，因會升高核心體溫干擾入睡。E 錯誤：日間長睡會破壞夜間睡眠驅動力，應限制日間小睡在 30 分鐘內。
Good sleep hygiene includes: a light snack before bed (such as tryptophan-containing milk or whole-grain crackers) to promote sleep (B); limiting caffeine after noon (C) to prevent nervous system stimulation; and a comfortable environment (cool, dark, quiet, D). Option A is incorrect: vigorous exercise should be avoided within 2-3 hours of bedtime, as it raises core body temperature and interferes with sleep onset. Option E is incorrect: long daytime naps disrupt nighttime sleep drive, so daytime naps should be limited to less than 30 minutes.
美國臨床護理師常執行「Sleep Protocol」，包括避免在夜間非必要時喚醒病人；台灣病房夜間工作多，較難維持完全安靜環境。