一位 50 歲男性因咳嗽帶血 3 週、體重下降、夜間盜汗入隔離病房。胸部 X 光與痰液抗酸桿菌染色證實活動性肺結核。醫師開立含 isoniazid 與 rifampin 的多重藥物治療。護理師應執行哪些介入？（多選題）
A 50-year-old male is admitted to isolation with productive bloody cough for 3 weeks, weight loss, and night sweats. Chest X-ray and acid-fast bacillus smear confirm active pulmonary TB. Provider orders standard multi-drug therapy including isoniazid and rifampin. Which interventions should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
- APlace the client in a negative-pressure airborne isolation room.✓ 正解將病人安置於負壓空氣隔離病房
- BAll staff entering the room must wear a fit-tested N95 respirator.✓ 正解所有進入房間的員工必須佩戴經過密合測試的 N95 呼吸器
- CTeach the client that rifampin causes urine, sweat, and tears to turn red-orange (harmless but expected).✓ 正解教導病人利福平會使尿液、汗水和淚液變成紅橘色（無害但預期會發生）
- DStop all antibiotics on the day the client stops coughing.當病人停止咳嗽當天停止所有抗生素
- EThe client must wear a surgical mask during transport through hospital areas.✓ 正解病人在醫院區域移動時必須佩戴外科口罩
活動性肺結核屬空氣傳播（airborne），需空氣隔離防護。 選項 A 正確：負壓隔離病房防止氣溶膠擴散。 選項 B 正確：N95 過濾結核分枝桿菌飛沫核（外科口罩無法）。 選項 C 正確：Rifampin 導致體液變紅橘色是預期且無害的副作用，需衛教避免病人誤以為自己出血而停藥。 選項 E 正確：病人運送時戴外科口罩控制傳染源。 選項 D 錯誤：TB 治療需 6-9 個月（甚至更久），擅自停藥會產生抗藥性結核（MDR-TB）。
Active pulmonary TB is airborne and requires airborne precautions. A correct: Negative-pressure isolation prevents aerosol spread. B correct: N95 filters TB bacilli aerosols (surgical masks cannot). C correct: Rifampin turns body fluids red-orange—harmless but expected; teach to prevent panic and non-adherence. E correct: Surgical mask on the client controls source during transport. D incorrect: TB therapy requires 6-9+ months; stopping early causes drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB).
TB (肺結核肺癆) 絕對必背大禮包組合拳：Airborne負壓 + 護理師 N95病患戴普通口罩 + 藥物 Rifampin 會噴出橘紅色尿(Orange secretions)。毫無地域差別！