慢性腎臟病病人出現皮膚搔癢。護理師應建議哪些介入措施？（選所有適合的）
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is experiencing pruritus. Which interventions should the nurse suggest? (Select all that apply.)
- ATake warm showers instead of hot ones✓ 正解洗溫水澡而非熱水澡
- BApply moisturizing lotion after bathing✓ 正解沐浴後塗抹保濕乳液
- CIncrease dietary intake of phosphorus增加飲食中的磷攝取量
- DKeep fingernails trimmed short✓ 正解將手指甲修剪短
- EWear loose, cotton clothing✓ 正解穿著寬鬆的棉質衣物
慢性腎臟病（CKD）常見的皮膚搔癢（Pruritus）主因是尿毒素堆積、鈣磷代謝失調及皮膚乾燥。護理重點在於減輕皮膚刺激與維持屏障完整性。正確選項皆針對此目標：溫水洗澡避免熱水導致皮脂流失；保濕乳液鎖住水分；修剪指甲防止抓傷引發蜂窩性組織炎；棉質衣物透氣且減少化學或摩擦刺激。磷離子過高會沉積於皮膚誘發搔癢，故應嚴格限制而非增加攝取。
Pruritus in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is mainly caused by accumulation of uremic toxins, disturbed calcium-phosphorus metabolism, and dry skin. Nursing care focuses on reducing skin irritation and maintaining barrier integrity. The correct options all aim at this goal: warm showers instead of hot ones prevent loss of natural skin oils; moisturizing lotion locks in water; trimmed fingernails prevent scratching injuries that could lead to cellulitis; and loose cotton clothing is breathable and reduces chemical and frictional irritation. High serum phosphorus deposits in the skin and induces itching, so intake should be strictly limited rather than increased.