— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師在低血鈣病人的評估中，應觀察到哪些臨床表現？（選所有適合的）
Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect in a client with hypocalcemia? (Select all that apply.)
- APositive Chvostek's sign✓ 正解Chvostek徵陽性
- BMuscle cramps and tremors✓ 正解肌肉痙攣和震顫
- CShortened QT intervalQT間期縮短
- DPositive Trousseau's sign✓ 正解Trousseau徵陽性
- EHyperactive deep tendon reflexes✓ 正解深層肌腱反射亢進
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鈣會增加神經肌肉興奮性。Chvostek 徵象（敲擊面神經導致面部抽動）與 Trousseau 徵象（血壓計壓迫導致手部抽筋）均為典型低鈣徵象。此外，會有肌肉痙攣、深層肌腱反射增強。QT 間期延長（而非縮短）才是低血鈣的心電圖特徵。
Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability. Chvostek's sign (facial twitching when the facial nerve is tapped) and Trousseau's sign (carpal spasm caused by blood pressure cuff inflation) are both typical signs of hypocalcemia. Additionally, muscle cramps and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes occur. A prolonged QT interval (not shortened) is the characteristic ECG finding in hypocalcemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地護理師對低鈣徵象的評估能力要求一致，但台灣更強調床邊備妥鈣劑與抽搐預防。