在住院的老年病患中，下列哪項措施對於預防跌倒最有效？
Which of the following interventions is most effective in preventing falls in a hospitalized elderly client?
- AApplying physical restraints使用身體約束
- BAsking the client to call for help before getting up✓ 正解要求病人在起身前呼叫協助
- CPlacing the client in a room near the nursing station將病人安置在護理站附近的病房
- DKeeping the bed in the lowest position保持床鋪處於最低位置
預防跌倒（fall prevention）vs 降低跌倒受傷（injury reduction）需區分。預防的核心是「減少病人不安全活動」——D. 教病人下床前呼叫護理師協助，可主動阻止獨自下床造成的跌倒，是預防的核心策略。其他選項：D. 床保持最低位是「降低跌倒後的傷害」（injury reduction）而非「預防跌倒發生」；B. 身體約束會增加併發症（如皮膚破損、躁動加劇），且 NCLEX 視為最後手段；C. 房間靠近護理站僅增加觀察機會，無法直接預防機械性跌倒。
Fall prevention and fall-related injury reduction must be distinguished. The core of prevention is reducing unsafe patient activity; option B, teaching the patient to call for help before getting out of bed, actively prevents falls associated with unattended attempts to ambulate and is the central prevention strategy. Among the other options: A, keeping the bed in the lowest position, is an injury-reduction measure rather than a fall-prevention measure; B, applying physical restraints, increases complications (such as skin breakdown and worsened agitation) and is considered a last resort on NCLEX; C, placing the patient near the nursing station, only increases the opportunity for observation and does not directly prevent mechanical falls.