— 照護管理 · HARD · SATA —
護理師照顧躁期發作的病人，護理計畫應包含哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing a manic episode. Which interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)
- AProviding a low-stimulation environment✓ 正解提供低刺激環境
- BEncouraging high-intensity physical exercise to burn energy鼓勵高強度體育運動以消耗能量
- COffering frequent, high-calorie finger foods✓ 正解提供頻繁的高熱量手指食物
- DMaintaining a firm, calm, and neutral approach✓ 正解保持堅定、冷靜和中立的態度
- EAllowing the client to lead group activities to boost self-esteem允許病人主導團體活動以提升自尊
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
躁期病人需要結構化的照護環境。低刺激環境（A）減少躁動；高熱量手拿食物（C）適應其無法久坐進食的需求；堅定冷靜的態度（D）能建立界限。高強度運動（B）會增加興奮度；讓病人主導群體活動（E）會因其判斷力受損而影響團體結構。
Manic patients require a structured care environment. A low-stimulation environment (A) reduces agitation; frequent, high-calorie finger foods (C) accommodate their inability to sit still long enough to eat; and a firm, calm approach (D) sets limits. High-intensity exercise (B) increases excitation, and allowing the patient to lead group activities (E) is inappropriate because impaired judgment disrupts group structure.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國精神科護理強調減法照護（Reducing stimulation）；台灣在急性精神病房中較依賴藥物鎮靜。