病人診斷為困難梭狀桿菌結腸炎，護理師應執行哪些預防措施？（選所有適合的）
A client is diagnosed with Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) colitis. Which precautions should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
- APerform hand hygiene using soap and water✓ 正解使用肥皂和水進行手部衛生
- BUse alcohol-based hand sanitizer使用含酒精的免洗洗手液
- CWear a gown upon entry✓ 正解進入時穿著隔離衣
- DWear a surgical mask佩戴外科口罩
- EPlace the client in a private room✓ 正解將病人安置於單獨病房
困難梭狀桿菌（C. diff）會產生具有極高抗性的孢子（spores），這些孢子對多數常見的酒精類乾洗手劑（alcohol-based sanitizer）具有免疫力。因此，針對這類感染的護理，關鍵在於使用肥皂與水進行物理性沖洗，以機械方式移除孢子。此外，由於該菌透過接觸傳播，必須實施嚴格的接觸隔離（contact precautions），包括病室隔離與全套個人防護裝備（PPE），以防交叉感染。
Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) produces highly resistant spores that are not eliminated by most common alcohol-based hand sanitizers. For this reason, the cornerstone of nursing care is using soap and water for mechanical removal of spores by physical scrubbing. In addition, because C. diff spreads through contact, strict contact precautions must be implemented, including private-room isolation and full personal protective equipment (PPE), to prevent cross-infection.