一位 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的個案出現恐慌發作。在急性期，護理師應優先採取哪項措施？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents with a panic attack. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize during the acute phase?
- AAdminister PRN oral anxiolytic medication immediately立即給予處方備用口服抗焦慮藥物
- BEncourage the client to discuss the source of anxiety鼓勵個案討論焦慮的來源
- CProvide clear, short, and firm verbal directions✓ 正解提供清晰、簡短且堅定的口頭指示
- DInstruct the client to breathe into a paper bag指導個案使用紙袋呼吸
恐慌發作時個案知覺窄化，無法處理複雜資訊。護理師應以冷靜且簡短的指令引導，降低外界刺激並建立安全感。D 選項已不再建議使用，因可能造成二氧化碳過高；A 選項雖有效但非首要護理動作；B 選項在急性期個案無法理性思考，應等到情緒平復後再進行。
During a panic attack the client's perceptual field is narrowed and complex information cannot be processed. The nurse should provide calm, brief, and direct instructions, reduce external stimuli, and establish a sense of safety. Option D is no longer recommended because it can cause hypercapnia; option A, although helpful, is not the priority nursing action; option B requires rational thinking, which is not possible during the acute phase and should wait until the client has calmed down.
美台臨床對於恐慌發作的處置流程一致，皆強調減敏療法與非藥物治療為先，抗焦慮藥物使用原則亦相同。