— 心理社會完整性 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的病人來到診所，主訴心悸與強烈的瀕死感。護理師應優先採取的措施為何？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents to the clinic reporting heart palpitations and a feeling of impending doom. Which intervention is the nurse’s priority?
- AEncourage the client to discuss the source of their anxiety鼓勵個案討論焦慮的來源
- BInstruct the client to breathe deeply and slowly✓ 正解指示個案深呼吸並放慢速度
- CRefer the client to a psychiatrist for immediate evaluation轉介個案至精神科醫師進行立即評估
- DAdminister an as-needed anti-anxiety medication給予處方備用抗焦慮藥物
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
面對急性焦慮發作，首要任務是協助病人穩定生理狀況。深呼吸能啟動副交感神經，對抗交感神經引起的過度換氣與心悸。給予藥物需醫囑，且非首要；討論焦慮源在病人情緒激動時效果不佳，應待其平靜後進行；轉介精神科是後續治療而非急診處置。
During an acute anxiety episode, the nurse's priority is to help the client stabilize physiological symptoms such as palpitations. Instructing the client to breathe deeply and slowly activates the parasympathetic nervous system, which counteracts the sympathetic overdrive associated with panic.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美護理師皆可執行呼吸衛教；美國護理師在特定 protocol 下給予焦慮藥物較具主動權。