護理師在社區進行免疫衛教。下列哪些疫苗建議 65 歲以上成人接種?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is teaching a community group about immunization. Which of the following are recommended for adults aged 65 and older? (Select all that apply.)
- AInfluenza vaccine✓ 正解流感疫苗
- BPneumococcal vaccine✓ 正解肺炎鏈球菌疫苗
- CShingles (Zoster) vaccine✓ 正解帶狀疱疹(水痘帶狀疱疹)疫苗
- DRotavirus vaccine輪狀病毒疫苗
- ETdap vaccine✓ 正解破傷風、白喉、百日咳疫苗
針對 65 歲以上成人,CDC 建議的常規疫苗包括:流感疫苗(每年接種以應對病毒變異)、肺炎鏈球菌疫苗(預防致命性肺炎)、帶狀疱疹疫苗(Shingrix,預防帶狀疱疹及其引發的神經痛)、以及 Tdap 疫苗(預防破傷風、白喉與百日咳,每 10 年加強一次)。輪狀病毒疫苗主要針對幼兒,不屬於成人常規建議項目。
For adults over 65 years of age, the CDC recommends routine vaccination with the influenza vaccine (annually because of viral variation), pneumococcal vaccine (to prevent fatal pneumonia), herpes zoster vaccine (Shingrix, to prevent shingles and post-herpetic neuralgia), and the Tdap vaccine (to prevent tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis, with a booster every 10 years). Rotavirus vaccine is intended primarily for infants and is not part of routine adult recommendations.
美國對於帶狀疱疹疫苗(Shingrix)的推廣非常積極,且疫苗接種紀錄多整合於電子病歷系統(EMR)中,方便護理師即時查核。