— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師準備為低血鉀病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀，下列哪項為降低風險的必要措施？
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride (KCl) IV to a client with hypokalemia. Which action is essential for risk reduction?
- AFlush the IV line with 50 mL of sterile water以 50 mL 無菌蒸餾水沖洗靜脈管路
- BEnsure the concentration does not exceed 10 mEq/100 mL✓ 正解確保濃度不超過 10 mEq/100 mL
- CPlace the client in a supine position during infusion在輸注期間將病人置於仰臥姿勢
- DAdminister the medication via IV push經靜脈推注給藥
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀具有高腐蝕性與心臟毒性。絕對不可直接靜脈推注（IV Push），否則會導致心跳停止。標準作業需稀釋，外周靜脈輸注濃度建議不超過 10 mEq/100 mL，且速率不超過 10-20 mEq/hr。使用輸液幫浦監控流速是另一項防止給藥錯誤的關鍵技術。
Potassium chloride is highly irritating to veins and can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias if administered too rapidly or at high concentrations. To reduce risk, the concentration for peripheral IV infusion should not exceed 10 mEq per 100 mL, and it must never be given via IV push.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆嚴禁鉀離子推注。美國護理師常需透過 Smart Pump 設定極限值，台灣部分醫院亦全面導入智慧輸液幫浦防止人為錯誤。