護理師教導病人自行注射胰島素。下列哪些衛教內容對預防給藥錯誤至關重要？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of insulin. Which instructions are important for preventing errors? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy✓ 正解輪替注射部位以預防脂肪營養不良
- BDraw the NPH insulin before the regular insulin先抽取 NPH 胰島素再抽取常規胰島素
- CUse a new needle for every injection✓ 正解每次注射使用新針頭
- DCheck blood glucose before every injection✓ 正解每次注射前檢查血糖
- EStore unopened insulin in the freezer將未開啟的胰島素存放在冷凍庫
胰島素衛教重點：輪替部位預防脂肪增生（A）；使用過針頭應更換（C）；注射前監測血糖確保劑量正確（D）。B 選項錯誤：混合胰島素時，應先抽取短效（Clear）再抽中效（Cloudy），避免污染。E 選項錯誤：胰島素嚴禁冷凍，會導致蛋白質變性失去活性。
Key insulin teaching points: rotate sites to prevent lipohypertrophy (A); change needles after each use (C); check blood glucose before injection to ensure correct dosing (D). Option B is incorrect: when mixing insulins, the short-acting (clear) insulin should be drawn up before the intermediate-acting (cloudy) insulin to avoid contamination. Option E is incorrect: insulin must never be frozen, as freezing denatures the protein and inactivates the medication.
美台對於衛教內容一致，但在台灣，衛教師多由糖尿病個管師執行，住院護理師則負責基本操作評估。