護理師準備給予病人靜脈注射氯化鉀。為確保病人安全，哪項行動是必要的？
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV to a client. Which action is essential to ensure client safety?
- AEnsure the medication is diluted and administered via an infusion pump✓ 正解確保藥物已稀釋並通過輸注幫浦給予
- BAdminister the medication via IV push for rapid absorption經靜脈推注給予藥物以快速吸收
- CVerify that the client has a central venous catheter確認病人擁有中心靜脈導管
- DMonitor for hypernatremia during the infusion在輸注期間監測高鈉血症
氯化鉀（Potassium Chloride, KCl）屬於高警訊藥物（High-alert medication）。絕對禁止靜脈直接推注（IV push）或肌肉注射，因為高濃度鉀離子直接進入心臟會導致心肌去極化受阻，引發致命的心律不整（如心室顫動）或心跳停止。臨床執行時，必須確保藥物充分稀釋，且務必透過輸液幫浦（Infusion pump）精確控制滴速，通常規定每小時不超過 10-20 mEq，以防高血鉀。監測重點應放在心電圖（ECG）變化及血鉀濃度，而非僅是高血鈉。
Potassium chloride (KCl) is a high-alert medication. Direct IV push and intramuscular injection are absolutely contraindicated, because a high concentration of potassium entering the heart can block myocardial depolarization and trigger lethal dysrhythmias (such as ventricular fibrillation) or cardiac arrest. In clinical practice, the medication must be adequately diluted and administered through an infusion pump that precisely controls the rate, generally not exceeding 10-20 mEq per hour, in order to prevent hyperkalemia. Monitoring should focus on ECG changes and serum potassium levels, not on hypernatremia alone.
美國臨床對於高警訊藥物的雙重核對（Double-check）流程非常嚴謹，尤其在輸液幫浦設定上，護理師需確認濃度與滴速限制，這點在 NCLEX 考試中是絕對的考點。