護理師準備為病人進行輸血，下列哪項措施對於預防輸血反應最為優先？
A nurse is preparing to administer a blood transfusion to a client. Which action is the priority to prevent a transfusion reaction?
- AWarm the blood to room temperature before administration在給藥前將血液加溫至室溫
- BAdminister prophylactic antihistamines 30 minutes prior在輸血前30分鐘給予預防性抗組織胺
- CVerify the client's identity and blood component with another nurse✓ 正解與另一位護理師核實個案身分與血液成分
- DStart the transfusion at a rapid rate to ensure patency以快速速率開始輸血以確保管路暢通
輸血反應中最致命且可預防的類型為急性溶血性輸血反應（Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction），其主因為 ABO 血型不合導致的免疫反應。根據病人安全目標（National Patient Safety Goals），輸血前必須由兩位合格護理人員在床邊進行雙重核對（Double-check），確保血袋上的資訊與病人的腕帶身分完全吻合。此程序是防止醫療疏失的最核心防線，優先順序高於任何藥物預防或操作細節。
The most lethal yet most preventable type of transfusion reaction is the acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, which is mainly caused by an immune response triggered by ABO incompatibility. According to the National Patient Safety Goals, before transfusion two qualified nurses must perform a bedside double-check to confirm that the information on the blood bag matches the client's identification band exactly. This procedure is the core defense against medical error and has higher priority than any prophylactic medication or procedural detail.
美國臨床對於輸血核對的要求極度嚴格，通常需兩位具RN資格者簽名核對，且部分醫院使用條碼掃描系統（Barcode Medication Administration, BCMA）進行電子核對，以取代傳統紙本核對，此技術在台灣部分醫學中心亦已普及。