護理師準備為一位低血鉀病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀。下列何者為優先的護理措施？
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV to a client with hypokalemia. Which of the following is the priority nursing action?
- AObtain a baseline ECG tracing取得基線心電圖描記
- BVerify the concentration and dilution of the IV solution✓ 正解驗證靜脈輸注溶液的濃度和稀釋比例
- CMonitor the client's hourly urine output監測病人的每小時尿量
- DEnsure the IV site is free of infiltration確保靜脈注射部位無滲漏
靜脈輸注氯化鉀（Potassium Chloride, KCl）具有極高的風險。鉀離子是強效組織刺激物，若濃度過高或輸注過快，會導致嚴重的靜脈炎、組織壞死，甚至引發致命的心律不整（如心室顫動）。根據用藥安全原則（Medication Safety），在給藥前核對濃度與稀釋液是護理師的絕對責任。此題強調「優先順序」，在給藥前確認處方是否符合安全標準（如濃度限制）是防止醫療疏失的第一道防線。
Intravenous infusion of potassium chloride (KCl) carries a very high risk. Potassium is a strong tissue irritant, and at excessive concentration or infusion rate it can cause severe phlebitis, tissue necrosis, and even life-threatening dysrhythmias (such as ventricular fibrillation). According to medication safety principles, verifying the concentration and the diluent before administration is the nurse's absolute responsibility. This item emphasizes prioritization: confirming whether the order meets safety standards (such as concentration limits) before administration is the first line of defense against medication errors.
美國臨床對於 KCl 靜脈輸注有嚴格的安全規範（如使用 Smart Pump 且限制濃度），且通常不允許護理師直接調配高濃度 KCl，多由藥局調製（Pharmacy prepared）以確保安全。