— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位病人即將接受腰椎穿刺（Lumbar puncture）。術後優先的護理措施為何？
A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a lumbar puncture. Which action is the priority post-procedure?
- AAdminister pain medication immediately upon return返回病房後立即給予止痛藥物
- BMaintain the client in a flat, supine position for several hours✓ 正解讓病人保持平躺仰臥姿勢數小時
- CEncourage the client to sit upright to prevent aspiration鼓勵病人坐直以防誤吸
- DAssess the puncture site every 15 minutes for the next 4 hours未來 4 小時內每 15 分鐘評估穿刺點
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
腰椎穿刺術後平躺（Flat, supine position）是為了減少腦脊髓液（CSF）從穿刺孔滲漏，從而降低術後頭痛（Post-dural puncture headache）的發生機率。術後無需立即坐起，除非病人有禁忌症；監測部位固然重要，但維持體位對預防併發症更為直接有效。
Lying flat in supine position post-lumbar puncture reduces CSF leakage through the puncture hole, lowering risk of post-dural puncture headache. Sitting up should be avoided unless contraindicated; site monitoring is important but maintaining position is more directly effective in preventing complications.
✦ 台美臨床差異
目前實證醫學對平躺時間有爭議，有些美國醫院已縮短時間；台灣多數仍維持傳統 4-6 小時平躺護理。