一位 22 歲男性明早進行診斷性腦波圖(EEG)以調查最近未受激發的癲癇發作。護理師應給予哪些術前指示?(多選題)
A 22-year-old male is scheduled for a diagnostic EEG tomorrow morning to investigate recent unprovoked seizures. Which pre-procedure instructions should the nurse give? (Select all that apply.)
- AWash your hair tonight thoroughly and avoid hair gels, sprays, or lotions tomorrow morning.✓ 正解今晚徹底洗頭,明天早上避免使用髮膠、噴霧或乳液。
- BBe NPO (nothing by mouth) starting at midnight to prevent aspiration during the test.從午夜開始禁食禁水,以防止檢查期間發生吸入性肺炎。
- CAvoid all caffeine for 12-24 hours before the test to prevent altering brainwave readings.✓ 正解在檢查前 12-24 小時避免攝取所有含咖啡因飲品,以防止影響腦波讀數。
- DEat a normal breakfast tomorrow because hypoglycemia can affect brainwave recordings.✓ 正解明天吃正常的早餐,因為低血糖會影響腦波記錄。
- ERub your scalp with an abrasive sponge tonight until it bleeds slightly to improve electrode conductivity.今晚用研磨海綿摩擦頭皮直到轻微出血,以改善電極導電性。
EEG 是非侵入性無痛檢查,術前準備重點: 選項 A 正確:洗淨頭皮油脂與避免造型品,確保電極接觸良好。 選項 C 正確:避免咖啡因防止刺激性影響腦波。 選項 D 正確:保持正常飲食,避免低血糖改變腦波讀值。 選項 B 錯誤:EEG 不需禁食。 選項 E 錯誤:絕對禁止損傷頭皮,會增加感染風險。
EEG is non-invasive and painless. Pre-procedure prep: A correct: Clean hair without products ensures electrode contact. C correct: Avoid caffeine to prevent artifact in brainwaves. D correct: Normal diet prevents hypoglycemia from altering recordings. B incorrect: EEG does not require NPO. E incorrect: Never break the skin—infection risk.
「EEG (腦波) 前三大守則:1. 洗頭洗乾淨不抹髮油、2. 禁喝咖啡因、3. 『必須吃飽絕不准 NPO』」。因為低血糖腦波會亂跳,這題在世界各地考試中都是極高鑑別度陷阱題。