護理師評估病人的跌倒風險。哪些情況應被歸類為高風險並採取預防措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is evaluating clients for risk of falling. Which clients should be assigned a higher priority for fall prevention interventions? (Select all that apply.)
- AA client taking prescribed sedatives✓ 正解服用處方鎮靜劑的病人
- BA client with a history of recent falls✓ 正解有近期跌倒史的病人
- CA client who is 85 years old✓ 正解85 歲高的病人
- DA client on a strictly clear liquid diet嚴格清流質飲食的病人
- EA client with recent orthopedic surgery✓ 正解近期接受骨科手術的病人
跌倒風險評估（Fall Risk Assessment）需考量藥物、病史、生理狀態與手術狀況。鎮靜劑會影響反應力與平衡；跌倒史是未來跌倒最強預測因子；高齡伴隨肌肉萎縮與步態不穩；骨科手術後則有行動受限或患肢負重問題。單純的飲食限制（如清流質飲食）並不直接增加跌倒風險，除非病人因長期禁食導致嚴重虛弱，否則不列入高風險因子。
Fall-risk assessment must consider medications, medical history, physiologic status, and surgical conditions. Sedatives impair reaction time and balance; a history of falls is the strongest predictor of future falls; advanced age is associated with muscle wasting and gait instability; and after orthopedic surgery there may be mobility restrictions or weight-bearing limitations on the affected limb. Simple dietary restrictions (such as a clear-liquid diet) do not directly increase fall risk unless prolonged fasting causes severe weakness; otherwise they are not considered high-risk factors.