— 生理適應 · HARD · SATA —
一位副甲狀腺功能亢進病患，護理師應監測哪些臨床表現？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism. Which manifestations should the nurse monitor for? (Select all that apply.)
- ABone pain✓ 正解骨痛
- BRenal calculi✓ 正解腎結石
- CTrousseau's signTrousseau 徵象
- DConstipation✓ 正解便秘
- EMuscle weakness✓ 正解肌肉無力
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
副甲狀腺功能亢進導致副甲狀腺素分泌過多，促使骨骼釋放鈣質進入血液，導致高血鈣症。高血鈣會引起骨質流失（骨痛）、高尿鈣（腎結石）、腸道平滑肌無力（便秘）與神經肌肉傳導異常（無力）。Trousseau's sign 是低血鈣徵象。
Hyperparathyroidism causes excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone, which mobilizes calcium from bone into the bloodstream and produces hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia leads to bone demineralization (bone pain), hypercalciuria (renal calculi), smooth muscle hypotonia of the gastrointestinal tract (constipation), and impaired neuromuscular conduction (muscle weakness). Trousseau's sign is a manifestation of hypocalcemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常需負責規劃長期骨質追蹤衛教；台灣此類專科照護多由內分泌科衛教師與醫師共同執行。