護理師指導病人自我注射胰島素，哪項衛教內容是正確的？
A nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of insulin. Which instruction is correct?
- AReuse needles for up to one week重複使用針頭長達一週
- BShake the vial vigorously before drawing抽取前劇烈搖晃藥瓶
- CInject insulin into a site with active inflammation將胰島素注射至有活躍炎症的部位
- DRotate injection sites to prevent lipohypertrophy✓ 正解輪替注射部位以預防脂肪肥厚
胰島素自我注射的衛教重點在於預防併發症與確保藥物動力學穩定。皮下脂肪增生（Lipohypertrophy）是常見的長期注射併發症，會導致胰島素吸收速度不穩定，甚至造成吸收不良。輪替注射部位（Site Rotation）是預防此現象的標準護理措施。此外，正確的衛教應包含避免在發炎或受傷部位注射、正確的藥物準備（如懸浮液需輕柔混勻而非劇烈搖晃產生氣泡），以及強調拋棄式針頭的單次使用原則以降低感染風險。
The key teaching points for self-administration of insulin focus on preventing complications and ensuring stable pharmacokinetics. Lipohypertrophy is a common long-term injection complication that causes unstable insulin absorption and even malabsorption. Site rotation is the standard nursing measure to prevent this. In addition, proper teaching should include avoiding injection into inflamed or injured sites, correct medication preparation (e.g., gently mixing suspensions instead of shaking vigorously to avoid air bubbles), and emphasizing the single-use principle for disposable needles to reduce infection risk.
在美國臨床實務中，對於胰島素針頭重複使用的衛教極為嚴格，強調 Single-use principle。而在台灣臨床，過去偶有慢性病患為節省費用重複使用針頭，但現代護理教育已與國際接軌，強烈建議單次使用以避免感染與組織損傷。