— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
護理師指導高血壓病人低鈉飲食，哪些食物應避免？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about a low-sodium diet for hypertension. Which food items should be avoided? (Select all that apply.)
- ACanned soups✓ 正解罐頭湯
- BFresh vegetables新鮮蔬菜
- CPickled vegetables✓ 正解醃製蔬菜
- DProcessed meats✓ 正解加工肉品
- EFrozen fruits冷凍水果
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低鈉飲食是高血壓管理的基石。鈉離子會滯留水分，增加循環血量，進而導致血壓升高。加工食品（如罐頭湯、醃漬蔬菜、香腸、火腿）在製作過程中添加了大量的鹽分作為保存劑與調味劑，鈉含量極高，應儘量避免。新鮮食材（如蔬菜、水果）的天然鈉含量極低，是高血壓病人的理想飲食選擇。護理師應教導病人閱讀食品營養標示，識別隱藏的鈉來源。
Canned soups, pickled vegetables, and processed meats are high in sodium because salt is used as a preservative and flavor enhancer during processing. Clients with hypertension should avoid these items to prevent fluid retention and elevated blood pressure, opting instead for fresh, unprocessed foods.