— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
一位病人被診斷為低血鈣，護理師預期會發現哪些評估結果？（選所有適合的）
A client is diagnosed with hypocalcemia. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- APositive Trousseau's sign✓ 正解Trousseau 徵象陽性
- BPositive Chvostek's sign✓ 正解Chvostek 徵象陽性
- CMuscle cramps and tremors✓ 正解肌肉痙攣和震顫
- DFlattened T waves on ECG心電圖上 T 波平坦
- EHypoactive bowel sounds腸音減弱
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鈣導致神經肌肉興奮性增加。Trousseau's 徵象（測血壓時手腕彎曲）與 Chvostek's 徵象（叩擊臉部神經引起面部抽動）是經典指標。肌肉抽筋與震顫也反映興奮性提升。T 波平坦通常與低血鉀相關，腸音減弱也多見於低血鉀，而非低血鈣。
Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to positive Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s signs, as well as muscle cramps and tremors. Flattened T waves and hypoactive bowel sounds are typically associated with hypokalemia, not hypocalcemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台護理評估標準一致，但美國護理師對於低血鈣的緊急處理（如補鈣）常能依據各項指引有較高的執行主動性。