— 生理適應 · HARD · SATA —
一位病人出現過敏性休克徵象。哪些措施是優先的？（選所有適合的）
A client presents with signs of an anaphylactic reaction. Which interventions are the priority? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister intramuscular epinephrine✓ 正解給予肌肉注射腎上腺素
- BEstablish patent airway✓ 正解建立通畅的呼吸道
- CAdminister IV fluids✓ 正解給予靜脈輸液
- DAdminister oral antihistamines給予口服抗組織胺
- EElevate the head of the bed to 90 degrees將床頭抬高至 90 度
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
過敏性休克是危及生命的急症。優先順序為維持呼吸道（Airway）、給予肌肉注射腎上腺素（Epinephrine，逆轉支氣管痙攣與血管擴張）、補液以維持血壓（IV fluids）。口服抗組織胺吸收太慢，不適用於急救；頭部抬高 90 度可能導致血液循環崩潰，應採平臥或抬高下肢。
Anaphylaxis is life-threatening. Priorities are maintaining the airway, administering IM epinephrine (to reverse bronchospasm and vasodilation), and giving IV fluids to support blood pressure. Oral antihistamines absorb too slowly to be useful in acute treatment, and elevating the head of the bed to 90 degrees can collapse circulation; the patient should be supine with legs elevated.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美兩地在過敏性休克急救流程（ABC 優先級）一致，皆強調腎上腺素的首選地位。