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生理適應 · EASY · MCQ

護理師正在教導新診斷為甲狀腺功能低下的病患。有關藥物服用的哪項資訊最重要?

A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism. Which information regarding medication administration is essential?

  • ATake the medication on an empty stomach in the morning✓ 正解
    於早晨空腹服用藥物
  • BAdjust the dose based on daily weight fluctuations
    根據每日體重波動調整劑量
  • CStop the medication if you feel palpitations
    若感到心悸則停止用藥
  • DTake the medication with breakfast for better absorption
    與早餐一同服用藥物以促進吸收
Explanation · 中文詳解

甲狀腺功能低下症(Hypothyroidism)的標準治療藥物是左旋甲狀腺素(Levothyroxine),商品名如 Synthroid。此藥物模擬人體自然分泌的甲狀腺素,用於補充體內不足的荷爾蒙,以恢復正常代謝。 左旋甲狀腺素的吸收效率對食物非常敏感,食物,特別是富含纖維的食物、鈣質補充劑、鐵劑、制酸劑(antacids)等,都可能顯著降低其在腸道的吸收率,進而影響藥效。因此,為了最大化藥物的生物利用率(Bioavailability),最理想的服用方式是與食物完全隔離。標準的臨床建議是讓病人每天早上起床後、早餐前至少 30 分鐘至 1 小時空腹服用。 正確答案 A,建議病人每天早上空腹時服用藥物(Take the medication on an empty stomach in the morning),是確保左旋甲狀腺素吸收效果最佳的關鍵指示。這能避免食物干擾,確保病人獲得足夠的治療劑量。 錯誤選項分析: D. 與早餐一同服用以促進吸收:這是錯誤的。食物會阻礙吸收,應避免與早餐同時服用。 C. 根據每日體重波動調整劑量:雖然體重變化可能與甲狀腺功能有關,但左旋甲狀腺素的劑量調整並非基於每日的體重波動,而是根據定期的血液檢查(如 TSH, Free T4)及臨床症狀,由醫師評估後決定,通常數週至數月調整一次。 D. 若出現心悸則停藥:心悸(Palpitations)確實可能是甲狀腺素過量或藥物副作用的徵兆,但病人應立即回報醫師,而不是自行決定停藥。自行停藥可能導致甲狀腺功能低下症狀復發,且醫師需要評估心悸的原因,可能調整劑量而非直接停藥。 在衛教病人服用左旋甲狀腺素時,強調正確的服用時間與方式至關重要,以確保治療的有效性。同時,也需教導病人識別藥物過量或不足的徵兆,並定期回診追蹤。

Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is the standard treatment for hypothyroidism. It mimics endogenous thyroid hormone, supplementing the deficiency to restore normal metabolism. Absorption of levothyroxine is highly food-sensitive; food (especially fiber, calcium supplements, iron, antacids) can significantly reduce intestinal absorption and impair efficacy. The ideal administration is fully separated from food. Standard clinical advice is to take it on an empty stomach upon waking, at least 30-60 minutes before breakfast (option A). This maximizes bioavailability. Option D (with breakfast) impairs absorption; option B (adjusting dose by daily weight) is wrong—dose is adjusted based on labs (TSH, Free T4) by the physician over weeks to months; option C (stopping for palpitations) is wrong—palpitations may indicate overdose but should be reported to the physician rather than self-discontinuing.

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