— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人正在靜脈輸注氯化鉀 20 mEq 於 100 mL 生理食鹽水中,護理師觀察到注射部位有紅腫現象。首要護理措施為何?
A client is receiving an intravenous infusion of potassium chloride 20 mEq in 100 mL of 0.9% Normal Saline. The nurse notes redness and swelling at the site. What is the priority nursing action?
- AFlush the IV line with normal saline以生理食鹽水沖洗靜脈管路
- BStop the infusion immediately✓ 正解立即停止輸注
- CSlow the infusion rate減慢輸注速率
- DApply a warm compress to the site在注射部位敷熱敷
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀具有高度刺激性,一旦發生靜脈炎或外滲(extravasation),必須立即停止輸注以防組織壞死。此為高警訊藥物(High-Alert Medication),任何滲漏都需採取保護組織的緊急應變,並考慮後續是否有解毒劑或熱敷/冷敷的指引,但首要動作永遠是中斷給藥。
KCl is highly irritating; phlebitis or extravasation requires immediate cessation of infusion to prevent tissue necrosis. As a high-alert medication, any extravasation requires urgent tissue-protective action and consideration of facility-specific antidote or compress guidelines — but the first action is always to stop the infusion.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師依據 PIV 外滲分級處理(如熱敷或特殊解毒劑),台灣臨床更強調移除管路並請醫師評估,對於高濃度鉀離子滲漏會特別警覺。