— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師評估社區健康計畫。下列何者為「上游」（Upstream）健康促進模式的例子？
A nurse is assessing a community health program. Which of the following is an example of an 'upstream' health promotion approach?
- APassing local policies to increase green spaces✓ 正解通過地方政策以增加綠色空間
- BConducting individual cardiac rehabilitation sessions進行個別心臟復健課程
- CProviding free blood glucose checks提供免費血糖檢測
- DPrescribing antihypertensive medications處方抗高血壓藥物
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
「上游」（Upstream）健康促進模式強調針對健康問題的根源進行介入，通常涉及政策、法律、經濟環境或社會結構的改變，而非僅針對個體行為進行調整。通過立法增加綠地，能從環境層面鼓勵全社區居民進行身體活動，屬於結構性的預防手段。相反地，下游（Downstream）介入則聚焦於臨床治療或個體行為改變，如治療已患病的患者或對高風險個體進行篩檢。
Upstream health promotion targets root causes — policy, law, economic environment, or social structures — rather than only individual behavior. Legislating to increase green spaces fosters physical activity community-wide and is a structural preventive measure. Downstream interventions focus on clinical treatment or individual behavior change (e.g., treating disease or screening high-risk individuals).