一位持有 DNR 指示的病人發生呼吸停止,在場家屬強烈要求進行急救。護理師的最佳行動為何?
A client with a DNR order experiences respiratory arrest. The family is present and demands resuscitation. What is the nurse's best action?
- AExplain the DNR order to the family and provide comfort measures✓ 正解向家屬解釋 DNR 指示並提供舒適護理
- BCall the physician to revoke the DNR order通知醫師撤銷 DNR 指示
- CObtain an emergency court order to determine care取得緊急法院命令以決定護理方式
- DBegin CPR immediately to avoid legal repercussions立即開始心肺復甦術以避免法律責任
DNR(不施行心肺復甦術)是具法律效力的醫療指示,代表病人自主決定在生命末期不接受侵入性急救。當病人發生呼吸停止,護理師的首要倫理義務是尊重病人的尊嚴與意願。在場家屬的強烈要求雖具情緒壓力,但護理師必須堅持專業立場,向家屬解釋 DNR 的意義,並轉而提供安寧舒適照護(Comfort measures),如緩解焦慮、給予氧氣支持或陪伴,而非進行無效且違背病人意願的 CPR。這不僅是法律要求,更是對病人自主權(Autonomy)的尊重。
A DNR is a legally binding directive reflecting the patient's autonomous decision to forgo resuscitation. When the patient arrests, the nurse's first ethical duty is to honor that decision. Despite family pressure, the nurse must explain the DNR and shift to comfort measures (anxiety relief, oxygen as comfort, presence), not perform CPR against the patient's wishes. This respects patient autonomy and meets legal requirements.
在美國臨床實務中,DNR 必須有醫師簽署的醫囑(DNR Order)才具法律效力。若病人持有 DNR 指示但無醫師醫囑,護理師應評估該文件是否符合州法規範,但在無法確認的情況下,護理師通常會傾向啟動急救(Code Blue)以確保病人安全,直到醫師確認指示。台灣臨床對於 DNR 的執行亦需符合安寧緩和醫療條例,強調預立醫療決定。