— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照顧肝性腦病變病人，監測哪項檢驗值最重要？
A nurse is caring for a client with hepatic encephalopathy. Which laboratory value is most important to monitor?
- AProthrombin time凝血酶原時間
- BSerum ammonia✓ 正解血清氨
- CSerum bilirubin血清膽紅素
- DSerum albumin血清白蛋白
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肝性腦病變 (Hepatic encephalopathy) 是嚴重肝功能不全的併發症，其特徵是神經精神功能障礙。主要原因是肝臟無法有效代謝和清除體內的有毒物質，特別是氨 (ammonia)。氨通常由腸道細菌產生，經門靜脈系統送至肝臟代謝為尿素排出。當肝功能受損時，氨會積聚在血液中，穿過血腦屏障，對腦細胞產生毒性作用，導致意識改變、認知障礙和神經肌肉異常。因此，監測血氨濃度對於評估肝性腦病變的嚴重程度和治療效果至關重要。
Hepatic encephalopathy results from the liver's inability to metabolize toxins, particularly ammonia, which accumulates in the blood and crosses the blood-brain barrier to cause neurotoxicity. Monitoring serum ammonia levels is critical for assessing the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment.