護理師照顧一位中心靜脈壓（CVP）為 2 mmHg 的病人。預期會進行哪項處置？
A nurse is caring for a client with a CVP (Central Venous Pressure) of 2 mmHg. Which intervention should the nurse anticipate?
- APlace the client in high-Fowler's position將病人置於高福勒氏臥位（High-Fowler's position）
- BRestrict fluid intake限制液體攝取
- CAdminister IV fluid bolus✓ 正解給予靜脈輸液彈丸注射
- DAdminister a diuretic給予利尿劑
中心靜脈壓（Central Venous Pressure, CVP）反映右心房壓力，亦是評估右心前負荷（Preload）與血容積狀態的重要指標。正常範圍通常為 2-8 mmHg（或 3-8 cmH2O，單位需留意）。當 CVP 低於 2 mmHg 時，提示病人可能處於低血容積狀態（Hypovolemia），導致靜脈回流減少。臨床上，護理師應預期醫囑為補充液體以提升前負荷與心輸出量。相反地，利尿劑與限水會進一步減少體液，惡化低血容積症狀；高頭低腳位（High-Fowler's）雖用於呼吸困難，但在此情況下並非改善血流動力學的首選。
Central Venous Pressure (CVP) reflects right atrial pressure and is an important indicator of right-sided preload and volume status. The normal range is generally 2-8 mmHg (or 3-8 cmH2O, with attention to units). When CVP falls below 2 mmHg, it suggests the client may be in a state of hypovolemia, with decreased venous return. Clinically, the nurse should anticipate an order for fluid administration to increase preload and cardiac output. Conversely, diuretics and fluid restriction would further reduce body fluid and worsen hypovolemia; while a High-Fowler's position is used for dyspnea, it is not the first choice for improving hemodynamics in this situation.
台灣臨床常見以 cmH2O 為單位（正常 5-12），美國則多使用 mmHg（正常 2-8）。在 NCLEX 考試中務必確認題幹給出的單位與參考值，並以血容積補充作為低 CVP 的首要處理邏輯。