— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
護理師準備為病人靜脈輸注萬古黴素（Vancomycin），應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer IV Vancomycin to a client. Which actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)
- AInfuse the medication over at least 60 minutes✓ 正解至少於 60 分鐘內輸注藥物
- BAssess the client's hearing acuity✓ 正解評估病人之聽力敏銳度
- CMonitor for flushing and hypotension✓ 正解監測潮紅和低血壓
- DDraw a trough level before the scheduled dose✓ 正解在預定劑量前抽取波谷濃度
- ECheck the IV site for signs of phlebitis✓ 正解檢查靜脈穿刺處是否有靜脈炎跡象
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
萬古黴素需緩慢輸注（至少 60 分鐘）以防紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome）。此藥具有耳毒性與腎毒性，需監測聽力並追蹤波谷濃度（Trough Level）。此外，該藥極具刺激性，易引起靜脈炎，應密切觀察穿刺部位。
Vancomycin must be infused slowly (over at least 60 minutes) to prevent Red Man Syndrome. The drug is ototoxic and nephrotoxic, so hearing should be monitored and trough levels followed. In addition, the drug is highly irritating and can readily cause phlebitis, so the IV site should be closely observed.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美對藥物濃度監測標準一致，但美國醫院常由藥師主導萬古黴素劑量調整計畫。