病人被開立沙丁胺醇（Albuterol）。護理師應如何解釋其作用？
A client is prescribed albuterol. What should the nurse explain about its action?
- AIt decreases inflammation in the airway它減少氣道的發炎
- BIt relaxes bronchial smooth muscle✓ 正解它放鬆支氣管平滑肌
- CIt suppresses the cough reflex它抑制咳嗽反射
- DIt thins secretions to facilitate coughing它稀釋分泌物以利咳出
Albuterol 屬於短效型乙型交感神經刺激劑（Short-acting Beta-2 Agonist, SABA），是臨床上處理急性氣喘發作的首選急救藥物。其核心藥理機轉是選擇性刺激呼吸道的 Beta-2 受體，導致環狀腺苷酸（cAMP）增加，進而促使支氣管平滑肌鬆弛，迅速緩解支氣管痙攣。在 NCLEX 考試中，必須區分『支氣管擴張劑』與『抗發炎藥物』，前者針對急性症狀緩解，後者（如類固醇）則用於長期控制。
Albuterol is a Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonist (SABA) and is the first-choice rescue medication for an acute asthma attack. Its core pharmacologic mechanism is selective stimulation of Beta-2 receptors in the airways, which increases cyclic AMP (cAMP) and thereby relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, rapidly relieving bronchospasm. On the NCLEX exam, it is essential to distinguish between bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs: the former target acute symptom relief, while the latter (e.g., steroids) are used for long-term control.