病人正在進行輸血，隨後出現腰痛、發冷及尿液顏色變深。護理師應優先採取何項措施？
A client is receiving a blood transfusion and develops flank pain, chills, and dark-colored urine. Which action is the priority?
- AStop the transfusion immediately✓ 正解立即停止輸血
- BAdminister an antihistamine給予抗組織胺
- CSlow the rate of infusion減慢輸注速率
- DNotify the physician通知醫師
急性溶血性輸血反應（Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction）是由於 ABO 血型不相容所導致，紅血球在循環系統內被大量破壞，導致釋放血紅素至尿液中。典型症狀包括腰痛（腎臟被阻塞）、發冷、發燒、血尿（尿液深色）、低血壓等。這是致命性的反應，護理師應立即停止輸血，並以生理食鹽水維持管路通暢，避免輸血內容物進入循環，並通知醫師處理。
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction is caused by ABO incompatibility, in which red blood cells are extensively destroyed within the circulation, releasing hemoglobin into the urine. Typical symptoms include flank pain (kidneys obstructed), chills, fever, hematuria (dark-colored urine), and hypotension. This is a life-threatening reaction; the nurse must immediately stop the transfusion, maintain IV access with normal saline to prevent further transfusion content from entering the circulation, and notify the physician.