— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
一位急性胰臟炎病人禁食並接受靜脈輸液。護理師應監測哪些徵象？（選所有適合的）
A client with acute pancreatitis is NPO and receiving IV fluids. Which manifestations should the nurse monitor for? (Select all that apply.)
- AHypocalcemia (Trousseau's sign)✓ 正解低血鈣（Trousseau's sign）
- BHyperglycemia✓ 正解高血糖
- CSevere abdominal pain✓ 正解嚴重腹痛
- DRespiratory distress✓ 正解呼吸窘迫
- EDecreased urinary output✓ 正解尿液排出量減少
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性胰臟炎（Acute Pancreatitis）因胰臟組織壞死，釋放脂肪酶導致脂肪皂化，大量消耗鈣離子，常引發低血鈣；胰島細胞受損則導致高血糖；嚴重發炎反應可能引發全身性發炎反應症候群（SIRS）甚至急性呼吸窘迫症候群（ARDS）；疼痛則是主要症狀；尿量減少則需警惕休克引發的急性腎損傷。這些均為臨床護理重點。
Nurses should monitor for hypocalcemia due to fat saponification, hyperglycemia from beta-cell damage, severe abdominal pain, respiratory distress such as ARDS, and decreased urinary output indicating potential hypovolemic shock or renal impairment.