對於血鈉 120 mEq/L 的病人,護理師應執行哪項干預措施?
Which intervention should the nurse implement for a client with a sodium level of 120 mEq/L?
- AAdminister 0.45% Sodium Chloride IV靜脈注射 0.45% 氯化鈉
- BImplement seizure precautions✓ 正解實施癲癇預防措施
- CAdminister Furosemide as ordered依醫囑給予呋塞米
- DEncourage increased oral water intake鼓勵增加口服水分攝取
血鈉正常值為 135-145 mEq/L。當血鈉低至 120 mEq/L 時,屬於嚴重低血鈉(Severe Hyponatremia)。此時,細胞外液的滲透壓低於細胞內,水分會透過滲透作用進入腦細胞,引起腦水腫與顱內壓增高。這會導致神經系統功能障礙,病人極易發生癲癇發作(Seizures)、昏迷甚至死亡。臨床思路上,安全(Safety)是首要任務。護理師必須啟動癲癇預防措施(如床欄加墊、備妥抽吸設備)。同時,應限制水分攝取(Fluid Restriction)而非增加,並嚴禁快速補鈉,以防止滲透性脫髓鞘症候群。
A sodium level of 120 mEq/L indicates severe hyponatremia, which causes water to shift into brain cells, leading to cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure. This neurological instability significantly increases the risk of seizures, making the implementation of seizure precautions the highest priority to ensure client safety.
台美處理原則相同。但 NCLEX 考試中,對於「Seizure Precautions」的具體內容考得很細,包括:Oxygen and suction at bedside、Padded side rails、Bed in lowest position 等,台灣考生需熟悉這些標準護理措施。