— 照護管理 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師的哪項行為違反了 HIPAA(美國健康保險流通與責任法案,即病人隱私保護)?
Which of the following actions by a nurse demonstrates a violation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?
- ALeaving a computer screen with patient charts visible in the public hallway✓ 正解將顯示病人病歷的電腦螢幕留在公共走廊
- BDisposing of paper notes with patient information in a locked shredding bin將含有病人資訊的紙本筆記丟入上鎖的碎紙箱
- CDiscussing the client's condition with a family member who has signed permission與已簽署許可書的家屬討論病人狀況
- DSharing clinical results with the patient's primary care physician與病人的主治醫師共享臨床結果
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
本題測試《健康保險流通與責任法案》(HIPAA)關於受保護健康資訊(PHI)的隱私保護原則。護理師在臨床照護中,必須確保任何含有病人識別資訊的紀錄不被未經授權的人員接觸。在公共走廊留下未關閉的電腦螢幕,屬於嚴重的物理性安全漏洞,任何人經過皆可輕易讀取病人隱私,直接違反 HIPAA 安全規範。其他選項(C、D、B)均屬於合法的照護溝通或標準處置流程,未構成違規。
Leaving a computer screen with visible patient charts in a public hallway violates HIPAA privacy regulations by exposing protected health information to unauthorized individuals. Proper security measures require ensuring that patient data is not accessible in public areas.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 HIPAA 法規極為嚴格,違規者面臨高額罰款甚至刑事責任。台灣雖有《個人資料保護法》及《醫療法》規範,但在臨床實務中,對電腦螢幕防窺及紙本資料銷毀的落實度與美國嚴格的稽核標準仍有差距。