— 降低風險 · HARD · SATA —
護理師執行無菌換藥時，哪些行動是不可或缺的？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions by a nurse are essential when performing a sterile dressing change? (Select all that apply.)
- AOpening the first flap of the sterile kit away from the body✓ 正解從遠離身體的方向開啟無菌套組的第一層包裝
- BKeeping the sterile field at or above waist level✓ 正解保持無菌區域在腰部或以上高度
- CReaching over the sterile field to pick up a gauze跨越無菌區域撿取紗布
- DDiscarding any item that touches the 1-inch border of the sterile field✓ 正解丟棄任何接觸無菌區域 1 吋邊緣的物品
- EPouring sterile saline while holding the bottle label in the palm✓ 正解倒無菌生理食鹽水時將瓶身標籤握在手心
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
無菌技術關鍵：1. 第一片鋪單向外開啟以防汙染；2. 無菌區必須在腰部以上（視線範圍內）；3. 邊緣 1 吋視為受污區；4. 倒液體時標籤朝手心防藥液滲濕標籤。C 錯誤：手不可跨越無菌區 (Don't reach over)，否則可能會有落菌污染。
Key principles of sterile technique: 1. Open the first drape flap away from the body to prevent contamination; 2. The sterile field must be kept at or above waist level (within line of sight); 3. The outer 1-inch border is considered contaminated; 4. When pouring liquid, the label is held against the palm to prevent it from being soaked. Option C is incorrect: do not reach over the sterile field, as falling microorganisms may contaminate it.
✦ 台美臨床差異
無菌技術是全球通用標準，但在美國 NCLEX 評分中極為嚴謹，任何違反原則的選項都必須剔除。