護理師照護一位出現「日落症候群」的失智症個案，護理計畫中應包含哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with dementia who is exhibiting 'sundowning'. Which interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)
- AProvide adequate lighting in the evening✓ 正解傍晚提供充足照明
- BLimit daytime naps to prevent nocturnal wakefulness✓ 正解限制白天小睡以預防夜間清醒
- CIncrease physical activities during the late afternoon增加下午晚些時候的體力活動
- DMaintain a consistent daily routine✓ 正解維持一致的每日作息
- ERestrict all fluid intake after 17:0017:00 後限制所有液體攝取
日落症候群（Sundowning syndrome）常見於失智症個案，特徵是傍晚或夜間出現混亂、焦慮與躁動。護理核心在於環境調整與生活作息規律化，以減少混亂感。充足光線可減緩因視力退化或光影造成的幻覺；限制白日過度睡眠可增加夜間睡眠壓力；規律作息則提供安全感與預測性。選項 C 會過度刺激個案，選項 E 則有導致脫水及增加泌尿道感染（UTI）風險的疑慮。
Sundowning syndrome is common in clients with dementia and is characterized by confusion, anxiety, and agitation in the evening or at night. The core of nursing care is environmental adjustment and regularization of daily routines to reduce confusion. Adequate lighting can decrease hallucinations caused by visual decline or shadows; limiting excessive daytime sleep increases nighttime sleep pressure; and a regular routine provides a sense of safety and predictability. Option C would overstimulate the client, and option E poses risks of dehydration and increased urinary tract infections (UTIs).