護理師準備分配任務，哪些行動能促進安全且有效的授權？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to delegate tasks for the shift. Which of the following actions promote safe and effective delegation? (Select all that apply.)
- AAssess the skill level of the individual being delegated to✓ 正解評估被授權者的技能水平
- BProvide clear expectations and instructions✓ 正解提供明確的期望與指示
- CDelegate tasks involving high-acuity assessment授權涉及高急性度評估的任務
- DFollow up and evaluate the task completion✓ 正解追蹤並評估任務完成情形
- EAssign tasks that allow the nurse to ignore the client's status指派允許護理師忽略病人狀況的任務
有效的授權（Delegation）是護理管理的核心技能，能讓護理師將任務適當地委派給其他團隊成員（如 UAP、LPN/LVN），從而優化照護流程、提升效率，並確保病人安全。這需要周密的計畫與持續的監督。 正確選項 A、B、D 都是促進安全有效授權的關鍵行動。A. 評估接受授權者（delegatee）的技能與能力，確保其能勝任任務。B. 提供清晰、明確的指示與期望，避免誤解。D. 進行後續追蹤與評估，確認任務是否已正確完成，並評估其對病人照護的影響。 錯誤選項 C（授權高複雜度評估任務）是護理師的專業職責，涉及複雜的臨床判斷，不可授權。錯誤選項 E（忽略病人狀況）完全違背了護理師的最終責任，護理師對病人的整體照護負有最終責任，即使任務已授權，仍需監督與評估。 臨床思路：授權不僅是分配工作，更是管理過程。護理師必須理解授權的五個權利（Right Task, Right Circumstance, Right Person, Right Direction/Communication, Right Supervision/Evaluation），並將病人安全置於首位。安全優先：確保授權的任務適合執行者，並有適當的監督，是預防照護疏失與確保病人安全的基本要求。
Effective delegation is a core nursing management skill that enables the nurse to appropriately assign tasks to other team members (such as UAPs or LPNs/LVNs), thereby optimizing the care process, improving efficiency, and ensuring patient safety. It requires thorough planning and ongoing supervision. Correct options A, B, and D are all key actions that promote safe and effective delegation. A. Assessing the skills and competence of the delegatee ensures they can perform the task. B. Providing clear and specific expectations and instructions prevents misunderstandings. D. Follow-up and evaluation confirm whether the task has been correctly completed and assess its impact on patient care. Incorrect option C (delegating high-acuity assessment tasks) involves complex clinical judgment that is the registered nurse's professional responsibility and cannot be delegated. Incorrect option E (ignoring the client's status) completely contradicts the nurse's ultimate accountability; even after delegation, the nurse retains overall responsibility for the client's care and must continue to supervise and evaluate. Clinical reasoning: Delegation is not merely the distribution of work but a management process. The nurse must understand the five rights of delegation (Right Task, Right Circumstance, Right Person, Right Direction/Communication, Right Supervision/Evaluation) and place patient safety first. Safety priority: ensuring that the delegated task is appropriate for the performer and that proper supervision exists is fundamental to preventing care lapses and ensuring patient safety.
授權（Delegation）在台美護理實踐中都極為重要，但美國對於授權的法規與指引更為詳盡，例如護理師需遵循「五個正確原則」（Five Rights of Delegation）。台灣的護理師也實踐授權，但相關法規與培訓可能不如美國系統化，有時需更多依賴個別護理師對輔助人員能力的判斷。