— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師正在評估一位病人罹患骨質疏鬆症的風險。下列何種因素會增加風險？
A nurse is assessing a client's risk for osteoporosis. Which factor increases the risk?
- ASmoking✓ 正解吸菸
- BRegular weight-bearing exercise規律的負重運動
- CHigh calcium intake高鈣攝取
- DMaintaining a healthy weight維持健康體重
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
骨質疏鬆症（Osteoporosis）的核心風險因子包括年齡增長、女性、低體重、遺傳因素以及生活型態。吸菸會透過多種機制影響骨骼健康：它會抑制成骨細胞（Osteoblasts）活性、降低腸道鈣質吸收，並促進雌激素代謝，導致骨密度（Bone Mineral Density, BMD）快速流失。在臨床評估中，護理師應識別這些可改變的風險因子，並提供健康教育以預防骨折。
Core risk factors for osteoporosis include advancing age, female sex, low body weight, genetics, and lifestyle factors. Smoking affects bone health through multiple mechanisms: it inhibits osteoblast activity, decreases intestinal calcium absorption, and accelerates estrogen metabolism, leading to rapid bone mineral density (BMD) loss. Nurses should identify modifiable risk factors and provide education to prevent fractures.