— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師評估一位腳跟有第二級壓瘡的病人,哪項護理介入是適當的?
A nurse is assessing a client with a stage 2 pressure injury on the heel. Which intervention is appropriate?
- AElevate the heels off the mattress using a pillow✓ 正解使用枕頭將腳跟懸空於床墊之上
- BMassage the reddened area vigorously用力按摩發紅區域
- CKeep the area moist with petroleum jelly使用凡士林保持該區域潮濕
- DApply a heating pad to increase local circulation放置熱敷墊以增加局部血流
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
第二級壓瘡涉及表皮層及部分真皮層缺損。最關鍵的照護是移除壓力源(off-loading)。將足跟懸空是預防與減輕腳跟壓瘡最有效的方法,可避免壓迫造成的缺血加重。按摩(B)會損害脆嫩組織,加熱(D)可能導致燒傷,保持適度乾燥(C)通常比過度潮濕更好。
A stage 2 pressure injury involves epidermis and partial dermis loss. The most critical intervention is pressure offloading. Suspending the heel above the mattress is the most effective method to prevent and treat heel pressure injuries by removing ischemia-inducing pressure. Massage (B) damages fragile tissue, heat (D) can cause burns, and excessive moisture (C) macerates surrounding skin.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床皆推廣壓力緩解,但在設備配置上,美國醫院常見氣墊床(air mattress)作為標準配置,台灣部分長照機構仍依賴軟墊輔助。