— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
肝硬化病患出現哪些徵象提示有門脈高壓?(選所有適合的)
Which findings in a client with cirrhosis indicate portal hypertension? (Select all that apply.)
- AAscites✓ 正解腹水
- BEsophageal varices✓ 正解食道靜脈曲張
- CCaput medusae✓ 正解海蛇頭徵象(Caput medusae)
- DPeripheral edema周邊水腫
- EJaundice黃疸
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
門脈高壓是肝硬化血液動力學改變的結果。血液無法順利通過肝臟,導致壓力回流:腹水(靜水壓增加)、食道靜脈曲張(側支循環形成)、海蛇頭(Caput medusae,腹壁靜脈曲張)。黃疸主要與膽紅素代謝受損有關,周邊水腫則與低白蛋白血症相關。
Portal hypertension results from hemodynamic changes in cirrhosis. Blood cannot flow easily through the liver, raising pressure upstream: ascites (increased hydrostatic pressure), esophageal varices (collateral circulation), and caput medusae (dilated periumbilical veins). Jaundice mainly reflects impaired bilirubin metabolism, and peripheral edema relates to hypoalbuminemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地臨床診斷標準一致,但美國護理師在門診追蹤靜脈曲張風險比台灣更結構化。