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生理適應 · HARD · MCQ

一位慢性腎臟病病人出現肌肉無力與心悸,檢驗結果血鉀 6.8 mEq/L。護理師預期首要給予哪種藥物?

A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) reports muscle weakness and cardiac palpitations. Lab results show potassium 6.8 mEq/L. Which medication should the nurse expect to administer first?

  • AInsulin and Dextrose
    Insulin and Dextrose(胰島素併葡萄糖)
  • BFurosemide
    Furosemide(呋塞米)
  • CSodium polystyrene sulfonate
    Sodium polystyrene sulfonate(聚苯乙烯磺酸鈉)
  • DCalcium gluconate✓ 正解
    Calcium gluconate(葡萄糖酸鈣)
Explanation · 中文詳解

高血鉀 6.8 mEq/L 屬於危險範圍,首要目標是保護心肌。鈣劑(Calcium gluconate)無法降鉀,但可穩定心肌細胞膜,防止致命性心律不整,為優先給予的保護措施,後續再給胰島素與葡萄糖降鉀。

Hyperkalemia at 6.8 mEq/L is dangerous; the priority goal is myocardial protection. Calcium gluconate does not lower potassium but stabilizes cardiac cell membranes, preventing lethal arrhythmias—it is given first. Insulin with dextrose, kayexalate, and other K-lowering measures follow.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國護理師常需在緊急狀態下準備上述藥物順序;台灣醫師決策過程更為緊湊。

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